Related Papers
Architectural History
The Dynamic of Design: 'Source' Buildings and Contract Making in England in the Later Middle Ages
2016 •
Gabriel Byng
Art historians usually find little evidence for the nature of communication between patrons and architects in the Middle Ages. Scholarly opinion has often placed the burden of new design with masons, but over the course of the later twentieth century this claim has been revised and nuanced. This paper uses the evidence of wills and contracts in order to answer two questions: what techniques did medieval patrons use to describe their wishes to their masons; and how prescriptive were their requirements? Its conclusions suggest that patrons, even of local or parochial projects, could make highly specific and creative demands for new works, based on critical and perceptive judgements of recently constructed buildings in their local area. It recreates the discursive and disputatious design process adopted in several parishes as they planned, contracted and executed new church buildings.
Jim McKeon
Following a detailed examination of St. Nicholas’s Church, Galway, this paper discusses its high-medieval architectural and structural remains. The church has traditionally been assigned a foundation date of c.1320, but based on architectural and stratigraphical evidence it is demonstrated that there are the remains of a thirteenth-century structure within the fabric of the building. Indeed, two phases of high-medieval construction are revealed – phase 1 dating to the initial foundation of the church in the mid thirteenth century and phase 2 dating to the fourteenth century. Comparative architecture from Ireland and Britain is used to support the chronological sequencing advanced in this paper, which is the first structural analysis of St. Nicholas’s Church for over 70 years and only the second survey undertaken. While limited in quantity, documentary and excavation evidence is also used to further support the arguments in this paper. Finally, it is argued that during the formative period of St. Nicholas’s Church in the high-medieval period it received significant patronage, and that despite its location in a frontier town it was among the principal parish churches of the Anglo-Norman colony in Ireland. The Journal of Irish Archaeology Vol XVIII, 2009, pg 95-113
Bishop John Salmon's Architectural Patronage at Norwich Cathedral
Veronica Sekules
The role of Bishop Salmon in the communal and spiritual development of Norwich Cathedral in the early fourteenth century promoted a new phase in its architecture and design, which brought Norwich into line with the latest developments and fashions. This paper considers the impact of contemporary events on his patronage and the ways they might have influenced relationships beyond the monastery and thus governed his policies. It also considers the extent to which his priorities served to bring the Cathedral into the artistic mainstream, in terms of relationships within the East Anglian region, and how that plays a part in the development of a national ‘court’ style.
The Nave of Saint Andrew at Steyning: A Study of Variety in Design in Twelfth-Century Architecture in Britian
Yoshio Kusaba
Gesta, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1991), pp. 163-175 (Co-authored with Malcolm Thurlby)
John Ward
Church Monuments
NORFOLK CADAVER postprint
2017 •
Sally F Badham, Simon Cotton
Of the various types of cadaver monuments which were produced in the pre-Reformation period, among the most spectacular were ‘double-decker’ tombs, mostly carved stone biers displaying on the top level the recumbent effigy of the commemorated au vif with an effigy au mort on the bottom level. Seventeen survive in England, but more are known of through antiquarian drawings and the testamentary record. One example in a will not previously discussed in print is the lost tomb monument requested by William Derby (d. 1438). The precise form of the monument and the context within which Derby’s monument was provided are examined. In England a total of forty-seven complete or partial carved transi effigies dating from the period to 1558 are known (listed in the Appendix), twenty of them part of double-decker monuments
'The Church of St Wulfram: Architecture, Patronage and Context' in 'The Making of Grantham: The Medieval Town', ed, David Start and David Stocker (Heckington 2011)
John McNeill
Unpublished MA Dissertation, The University of York
Not all those who wander are lost: Reconstructing the Post-Medieval Phase of Stonegrave Minster using a Buildings Archaeology Approach
2019 •
Elanor (Ellie) Pitt
Post-Medieval phases of Medieval parish churches are little studied due to a lack of extant physical evidence caused by widespread Victorian restoration. This research uses Stonegrave Minster as a case study in the reconstruction of lost Post-Medieval phases, demonstrating that such phases should be studied as part of the story of alteration and adaptation of parish churches. Using a multi-disciplinary buildings archaeology approach including archival research, stratigraphic and physical analysis, measured building survey, phased plans and sightline analysis, this research explores what the physical and documentary evidence can reveal about the form, fabric, use and experience of the Post-Medieval church.
Journal of the British Archaeological Association 151, 107-36
Norwich Cathedral: a biography of the north transept
1999 •
Roberta Gilchrist
Analysis of the north transept of Norwich Cathedral was prompted by archaeological recording of its northern external elevation. Here detailed archaeological and petrological evidence is presented, together with historical and visual sources for the functions and form of the medieval and post-medieval north transept, an area distinguished by its close spatial and iconographic links with the bishop's palace. A reconstruction of the Romanesque gable is presented, proposing a more elaborate treatment consistent with both the cathedral and castle at Norwich; further, it is shown that the two buildings were planned to share proportions of the elevation. Of considerable interest is the identification of Quarr stone in the primary build, refining our knowledge of the use, chronology and distribution of this stone. Evidence is considered for the repair programmes of the 18th and 19th centuries, elucidating attitudes to conservation and the organisation if building works.
‘Cistercian Cloisters in England and Wales’, Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 159 (2006), 131−207
David M Robinson PhD FSA FRHistS
